Allah knows everything:
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How and why does Allah lead astray?
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How does Allah guide?
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Whom does Allah guide?
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Whom does Allah not guide?
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What is the right way?
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Those who pay no heed to Allah's message will be possessed by devils, and their evil deeds will be made beautiful to them, and they will be left floundering in their error, and they will never find the truth:
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How did they deny the Qur'an?
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A reference to the hypocrites of the people of the Book who mislead the believers by attempting to change the way of Allah:
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Also a reference to the hypocrites of the people of the Book who were at war with the Messenger and plotted to neutralize him:
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Prophet Muhammad blamed himself for his people's denial and disbelief. Our Lord reassured him by informing him that past peoples had treated messengers in the same way, that the messenger's duty was only to convey the revelation and that he was not responsible for those who did not believe.
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General characteristics of those who go astray:
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A reference to the racist and jealous disbelievers of the people of the Book who always rejected the miracles, the books and the prophets unless they were revealed to one of them:
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