Those mentioned in the context of verses 71, 72...83 are the polytheists of Mecca who took the prophets Jesus, Uzeyr, the clergy and the angels from the heavens as gods and served them alongside Allah, hoping that they would follow them in the resurrection (intercession):
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What words of the Meccan unbelievers did Prophet Muhammad regret?
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A reference to the hypocrites who lobbied and plotted to neutralize Prophet Muhammad:
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Prophet Muhammad blamed himself for his people's denial and disbelief. Our Lord reassured him by informing him that past peoples had treated messengers in the same way, that the messenger's duty was only to convey the revelation and that he was not responsible for those who did not believe.
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